Top 4 Threats to the Future of Coffee Farming
by: Marisa Hart
In these turbulent times, your morning cup of coffee can’t escape the world’s chaos, political unrest and COVID unpredictably. Coffee prices have spiked to a four year high in places like Brazil, Colombia, and Vietnam, and these increases are making waves across all facets of the coffee industry including the roasting and cafe side here in the United States. With all of these problems facing the industry, is there a way to help affect change?
This week's Alma-nac Blog will be covering the top four issues facing the coffee industry and explaining how they directly affect your morning cup. The good news is that you can choose to help combat these industry-wide problems by supporting small farmers that are working to resolve these issues.
Climate Change and Coffee
First and foremost, we have to talk about the elephant in the room that affects every single human no matter what their coffee drinking habits might be: climate change. We know this can be a controversial topic but as farmers ourselves, we have seen first hand the effects of climate change on our family farms.
Coffee, more specifically, is a picky crop that can’t thrive in just any climate. It prefers cool to warm tropical environments that average an annual temperature of 73°. Coffee also needs predictable rainy seasons to thrive.
Countries close to the equator like Brazil, Colombia, Honduras and Vietnam are the traditional coffee growing powerhouses. Honduras, where Alma’s family farm Finca Terrerito is located, is sixth in the world for coffee production.
The normally predictable weather patterns of the equatorial region are in upheaval, and it’s dramatically affecting the coffee market. A mid-July frost in Brazil, the world’s biggest grower of coffee, damaged at least 700 million pounds of coffee.
A drought on top of that has greatly reduced the country's 2022 harvest. The good news is that Brazil is expected to enter its rainy season in late September which could be crucial for the crops that survived the earlier weather woes.
In 2020 at Finca T, we experienced a 30% loss in production due to a longer and heavier rainy season. The drastic increase in rain caused our coffee cherries to ripen sooner than usual. With the unpredictable early harvest and COVID safety restrictions, we were unable to get enough coffee pickers to pick the coffee before the abundance of rain water caused them to burst open on tree.
Agriculture is an industry that is hard to have any sense of control over. in 2019, to put this into perspective, we experienced such little rain that coffee cherries started drying out like raisins on the coffee trees from lack of water. Our solution? We build a massive rain water reservoir to irrigate the farm in years where not enough rains happen.
Trade, politics, and covid-19
Unfortunately, weather is not the only factor affecting the coffee market. Earlier in the year, weeks of political protests cut Colombia’s exports by 2/3. Though the market has since rebounded, the country’s political strife is far from over, and export issues could reappear without notice.
Meanwhile, Vietnam, the second biggest coffee grower, continues to struggle with exporting their harvests as the country recovers from strict COVID shutdowns. As the country struggles with cases and lack of vaccines, there’s no end in sight for the export bottleneck.
On top of political unrest and COVID difficulties, there is a global shortage of shipping containers and cargo ships that are also causing shipping costs to increase worldwide even outside of coffee growing countries. As necessary expenses such as gas, labor costs, water, electricity, etc... continue to increase, it makes it harder and harder for farmers to stay in the industry without increasing their prices.
Environmental responsibility
Because coffee is a picky crop that needs highly specific conditions to thrive, the negative effects of climate change can make growing season a challenge.
However, there are sustainably-focused farms that work to improve their surrounding environments before, during, and after harvest, and these sustainable farming techniques create a snowball effect of environmental recovery.
As we covered in a previous blog, growing in the shade, managing soil without any chemicals, and composting minimize environmental damage are all effective measures for dealing with an unpredictable climate.
Farms that practice these environmentally friendly techniques, like our own Finca Terrerito in Honduras, are noticing an increase in yield compared to large farms with less sustainable practices and also are reducing their carbon footprint in the process.
What You Can Do
We know the 2022 harvest will be much smaller than in previous years, but what the yields look like in the following years is still unknown. Fortunately, your purchasing power influences industry trends, so it’s important to support direct trade companies that utilize environmentally sustainable practices and work to improve the lives of their farmers and the land they live on.
Next time you visit your favorite local coffee shop make sure you ask your barista these 3 questions:
1. Do you know who roasted this coffee?
2. Do you know the country this coffee is coming from?
3. Do you know the farmer or farm behind this coffee?
As simple as these questions are, they change the narrative on ordering “just another cup of coffee” and instead ignite thoughts of where that coffee was sourced. Knowing how many hands went into your favorite roast and how those hands treat the environment around them is crucial in reversing some of the negative effects of climate change.
Which of these four issues made you think the most about the future of the coffee industry? Let us know by dropping a comment down below.
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